Many attempts have been made in recent years to compare the health risks from various methods of power production. The purpose of this article is: 1. To review the data which form the basis for an evaluation of the biological effects of ionizing radiations. 2. To evaluate the doses received by members of the public and workers as a consequence of nuclear power production. And 3. To examine the possible biological consequences of these exposures - both external and internal - for members of the public and workers