The lockdowns, the testing, the vaccinations, the loss of life and the threat to livelihoods — COVID-19 has changed the world as we know it. The pandemic has fundamentally altered our understanding of diseases and impressed upon the population at large the importance of integrating environmental, animal and human health for public health responses. Avoiding future pandemics begins with the timely detection and the monitoring of the emergence of disease outbreaks, which often originate in animals. The IAEA will step up its efforts to provide support to governments worldwide in using nuclear and related techniques to enhance global response preparedness.
For over 60 years the IAEA, in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), has worked to better understand and tackle transboundary animal diseases — including zoonotic diseases which could jump from animals to humans. The Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, the principal vehicle of this collaboration, not only enhances global food security through its animal health and production programme, but also, in turn, significantly contributes to saving people’s lives.
In this edition of the IAEA Bulletin, we show how the zoonotic disease work undertaken by our laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria, is making an impact around the world. From our role in addressing the Ebola outbreak in 2014, to the invaluable support provided to address the COVID-19 pandemic, the IAEA and the FAO have played an important technical role in tackling the biggest zoonotic outbreaks worldwide.
The IAEA’s support to countries in addressing COVID-19 has been particularly significant. Through the largest technical cooperation project in the IAEA’s history, our support to almost 300 laboratories and health institutions around the world has improved COVID-19 testing capacity and capabilities for those most in need. We explain why nuclear and related techniques, such as real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), have played such an important role in testing for the COVID-19 virus. We explore the different services and tools that the IAEA and the FAO offer countries to identify and trace zoonotic and animal diseases.
This edition also reveals the direction we are taking to help address future outbreaks of diseases of zoonotic origin. The IAEA’s global Zoonotic Disease Integrated Action project, or ZODIAC, will support laboratories with technology, equipment and training to assist them in the timely detection of zoonotic pathogens of emerging or re-emerging zoonotic diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has clearly shown that acting early and fast is an effective way to deal with zoonotic diseases.
We hear from a researcher in Vienna who is using artificial intelligence to better understand emerging zoonotic diseases, and from the Director General of the World Organisation for Animal Health, who, like us, advocates for a holistic approach to human, animal and environmental health. In a world divided in our approaches to address global challenges, tackling a zoonotic pandemic has in many ways brought us all together.
